Method of implanting knee prosthesis assembly with ligament link

ABSTRACT

A method of implanting a prosthetic knee joint assembly. The method includes: coupling a femoral component to a femur, and coupling a tibial component to a tibia; coupling a ligament link to one of the femur or the tibia; coupling the ligament link to a coupling component of one of the femoral component or the tibial component; arranging the ligament link in a first position relative to the tibial component when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in a left knee; and arranging the ligament link in a second position relative to the tibial component when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in a right knee, the second position is different from the first position.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/720,631 filed on Dec. 19, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,900,314 issued on Dec. 2, 2014, which is a division of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/788,966 filed on May 27, 2012, now U.S. Pat. No. 8,343,227 issued on Jan. 1, 2013, which claims the benefit of U.S. Patent Application No. 61/181,938 filed on May 28, 2009. The entire disclosures of each of the applications identified above are incorporated herein by reference.

FIELD

The following relates to a knee prosthesis assembly and, more particularly, to a knee prosthesis assembly with a ligament link.

BACKGROUND

The statements in this section merely provide background information related to the present disclosure and may not constitute prior art.

Prosthetic joints can reduce pain due to arthritis, anatomical deterioration, deformation, and the like. By replacing or strengthening the anatomy, prosthetic joints can improve mobility of the joint.

Anatomical knee joints may leave intact a plurality of anatomical ligaments, which extend between and connect the bones of the knee joint. In some cases, the prosthetic knee joint can be implanted, leaving one or more of these anatomical ligaments intact. In other cases, if an anatomical ligament is compromised, the ligament is removed and a more constrained prosthetic knee joint is implanted.

In other instances where there is only soft tissue damage, an end of an anatomical ligament that has become disconnected from bone can be reattached to the bone with a fastener. Also, in some cases, the anatomical ligament can be resected and at least a portion of the resected ligament can be replaced by an autograft, allograft, xenograft, or artificial graft. These grafts can be attached to a remaining portion of the anatomical ligament and/or to bone using a fastener, etc.

The following disclosure relates to a knee prosthesis assembly that restores function of a resected and/or removed anatomical ligament. The knee prosthesis assembly of the present disclosure can be quickly and conveniently implanted.

SUMMARY

The present teachings provide for a method of implanting a prosthetic knee joint assembly. The method includes: coupling a femoral component to a femur, and coupling a tibial component to a tibia; coupling a ligament link to one of the femur or the tibia; coupling the ligament link to a coupling component of one of the femoral component or the tibial component; arranging the ligament link in a first position relative to the tibial component when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in a left knee; and arranging the ligament link in a second position relative to the tibial component when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in a right knee, the second position is different from the first position.

The present teachings further provide for a method of implanting a prosthetic knee joint assembly including: selecting a ligament link for implantation from a plurality of ligament links; engaging a femoral component to a femur, and engaging a tibial tray to a tibia; intraoperatively choosing whether to operably couple the selected ligament link to one of the femur or the tibia, and operably coupling the selected ligament link to the one of the femur or the tibia; extending the selected ligament link through an opening of one of the femoral component or the tibial tray, the one of the femoral component or the tibial tray operable to engage to the one of the femur or the tibia; arranging the ligament link in a first position or a second position different from the first position based on whether the prosthetic knee joint assembly is being implanted in a right knee or a left knee; and operably coupling the selected ligament link directly to a coupling component of the other of the femoral component or the tibial tray.

The present teachings also provide for a method of implanting a prosthetic knee joint assembly including: coupling a femoral component to a femur, and coupling a tibial component to a tibia; directly coupling a ligament link to one of the femur or the tibia; directly coupling the ligament link to a coupling component of one of the femoral component or the tibial component; arranging the ligament link in a first position relative to the tibial component when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in a left knee, in the first position the ligament link is angled towards a first side of the tibial component; and arranging the ligament link in a second position relative to the tibial component when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in a right knee, in the second position the ligament link is angled towards a second side of the tibial component and away from the first side of the tibial component.

Further areas of applicability will become apparent from the description provided herein. It should be understood that the description and specific examples are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure.

DRAWINGS

The drawings described herein are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way.

FIG. 1 is an anterior perspective view of a knee prosthesis assembly according to various exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 2 is a posterior perspective view of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a lateral perspective view of a femoral component of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is a superior perspective view of a tibial tray of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 1;

FIG. 5 is an inferior perspective view of the tibial tray of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a mobile bearing of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 1;

FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a fixed bearing of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 1;

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a locking bar associated with the fixed bearing of a knee prosthesis of FIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a partially exploded posterior view of a knee prosthesis constructed in accordance to additional features of the present teachings;

FIG. 10 is a posterior perspective view of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is an anterior perspective view of a tibial tray and fixed bearing portion of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a mobile bearing that slidably cooperates within a pocket formed on the fixed bearing of FIG. 11;

FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a knee prosthesis constructed in accordance to additional features of the present teachings;

FIG. 14 is a top view of a tibial tray of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 13 according to various other exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 15 is a top view of a tibial tray of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 13 according to various other exemplary embodiments;

FIGS. 16A and 16B are top views of a portion of a ligament link according to various embodiments for the knee prosthesis of the present teachings, wherein FIG. 16A shows the portion in an unlooped state and FIG. 16B shows the portion in a looped state;

FIG. 17 is a section view of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 13 according to various other exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 18 is an environmental view of the knee prosthesis of FIG. 13 with a partial cut-way of a femur according to various other exemplary embodiments;

FIG. 19 is an exploded, perspective view of another knee prosthesis assembly according to additional embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 20 is a cross sectional view of the knee prosthesis assembly of FIG. 19; and

FIG. 21 is a cross sectional view of the tibial component of the knee prosthesis assembly of FIG. 19 taken along the line 21-21.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description is merely exemplary in nature and is not intended to limit the present disclosure, application, or uses. It should be understood that throughout the drawings, corresponding reference numerals indicate like or corresponding parts and features.

With initial reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, a knee prosthesis assembly constructed in accordance to one example of the present teachings is shown and generally identified at reference numeral 10. The knee prosthesis assembly 10 can generally include a femoral component 12, a tibial tray 14, a first bearing 16 (a medial bearing), and a second bearing 18 (a lateral bearing). As will be described, the knee prosthesis assembly 10 can be used when it is desirable to retain or reconstruct an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and/or a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Although the illustrated prosthesis assembly 10 is intended for a left knee of a patient, it will be appreciated that the prosthesis assembly 10 could include similar features to be configured for implantation in a right knee of a patient as well.

The respective components of the knee prosthesis assembly 10 can be patient specific, such that each component can be constructed for optimal features for a given patient. For example, the bone interface margins of the femoral component 12 and tibial tray 14 can be patient specific for optimized bone coverage. In addition, the overall size, such as anterior-posterior dimensions and bone cut geometry can be determined and used for manufacturing the components of the knee prosthesis assembly 10. Moreover, some articulation features can be determined and used as criteria for forming the components of the knee prosthesis assembly 10. In sum, each of the components of the knee prosthesis assembly 10 can be a patient-specific implant, a semi-custom implant or an off-the-shelf or standard production implant. A custom-made implant is a patient-specific, one-of-a-kind implant specifically made for a particular patient, and consequently there is no inventory associated with such implant. Standard or off-the-shelf implants are available and stocked in a number of sizes, typically six or more, and a number of configurations or types, including bilateral or unilateral implants, constrained, semi-constrained, mobile, etc. Because of the variety of sizes and configurations that are kept in stock for different patients, a large inventory of standard implants is created, and several molds for each type and size of implant may be used. Semi-custom implants can provide an intermediate solution between custom-made and off-the-shelf implants. Semi-custom implants reduce the size of inventory and molds required for production, while allowing some degree of patient-specific customization. Additional description of patient-specific implants and semi-custom implants and their implementations may be found in copending patent application Ser. No. 12/103,824, filed Apr. 16, 2008 and entitled: Method and Apparatus for Manufacturing An Implant, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

With additional reference to FIG. 3, the femoral component 12 will now be described in greater detail. The femoral component 12 can generally comprise a cruciate retaining prosthesis and can include various portions to replace or mimic the distal femur. The femoral component 12 can include a medial condyle portion 20 and a lateral condyle portion 22. The condyle portions 20, 22 can include a convex, rounded contact surface that extends generally in an anterior/posterior direction similar to anatomical condyles. The condyle portions 20, 22 can respectively replace the anatomical medial and lateral condyles of a distal femur. The condyle portions 20, 22 can be connected by a patellar track portion 26. Thus, the femoral component 12 can be generally U-shaped and curved in the superior direction. The condyle portions 20, 22 and patellar track portion 26 can be integrally connected so as to be monolithic. The patellar track portion 26 can allow for articulation of a patella (not shown), either natural or prosthetic, once the femoral component 12 is implanted onto the distal femur. The condyle portions 20, 22 and the patellar track portion 26 can generally define an exterior portion of the femoral component 12. The femoral component 12 can define an intercondylar opening 30 or passage between the medial and lateral condyle portions 20, 22 (i.e., the open and unobstructed area disposed posteriorly from the patellar track portion 26).

As will be discussed, the opening 30 can accommodate and provide clearance for an anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and/or an anatomical posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). Furthermore, as will be discussed, the opening 30 can accommodate and provide clearance for a ligament link (e.g., an autograft, an allograft, a xenograft, an artificial graft, or a combination thereof) for reconstructing and restoring function of the anatomical ACL and/or PCL.

The femoral component 12 can include a bone contacting or superior surface 34 (FIG. 2). The superior surface 34 can include an anterior surface 36 that can be substantially flat and formed generally parallel to a pair of posterior surfaces 38 a, 38 b. A pair of intermediate surfaces 40 a, 40 b are provided generally at an intermediate portion of the superior surface 34. A pair of angled anterior transition surfaces 42 a, 42 b can generally connect the anterior surface 36 with the intermediate surfaces 40 a, 40 b. Similarly, a pair of angled posterior transition surfaces 44 a, 44 b can be provided between the respective posterior surfaces 38 a, 38 b and the intermediate surfaces 40 a, 40 b. In one example, a threaded boss 50 a, 50 b can be provided on each of the intermediate surfaces 40 a, 40 b, respectively. Similarly, a threaded boss 52 a, 52 b can be provided on the posterior surfaces 38 a, 38 b, respectively. The bosses 50 a, 50 b, 52 a, 52 b can be optionally used to threadably couple with various augments (not specifically shown) as necessary.

The femoral component 12 can be formed as a unitary structure and cast of a biocompatible high strength alloy, such as cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy or similar suitable material. All surfaces, which do not contact the femur, can be highly polished to provide smooth articulating bearing surfaces. The superior surface 34 of the femoral component 12 can be roughened or uneven or include porous material to allow bone ingrowth or attachment with bone cement. Other features of the femoral component 10 can include those associated with the Oxford® Partial Knee, which is marketed by Biomet, Inc. of Warsaw, Ind.

With reference now to FIGS. 1, 2, 4 and 5, the tibial tray 14 will now be described in greater detail. The tibial tray 14 can include a generally U-shaped body having a medial portion 60 and a lateral portion 62. An anterior portion 61 can extend between and can connect to both the medial and lateral portions 60, 62. The medial, anterior, and lateral portions 60, 61, 62 can be integrally connected so as to be monolithic. As will be discussed, the open and unobstructed area disposed posteriorly from the anterior portion 61 and between the medial and lateral portions 60, 62 can provide clearance for an anatomical anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), an anatomical posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), or a ligament link (e.g., an autograft, an allograft, a xenograft, an artificial graft, or a combination thereof) for reconstructing and restoring function of the anatomical ACL and/or PCL.

A slot 64 can be defined in the tibial tray 14 generally between the medial, anterior, and lateral portions 60, 61, 62. As with the intercondylar opening 30 of the femoral component 12, the slot 64 of the tibial tray 14 can accommodate and provide a clearance for an anatomical ACL, an anatomical PCL, and/or a ligament link (e.g., autograft, allograft, xenograft, artificial graft, or combination thereof). In other embodiments that will be discussed, a ligament link can be operably coupled directly to the tibial tray 14.

During implantation, the tibial tray 14 can be advanced posteriorly, such that the slot 64 can accommodate the anatomical ACL, anatomical PCL, and/or ligament link. In instances where a ligament link is used to reconstruct the anatomical ACL and/or anatomical PCL, a trial tibial tray (as well as trial bearings, etc.) having corresponding geometries can be utilized. One suitable configuration is further described in commonly owned in U.S. Pat. No. 7,255,715, issued Aug. 14, 2007, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The tibial tray 14 can include an inferior bone engaging side 66 (FIG. 5) and a superior bearing engaging side 68 (FIG. 4). The medial portion 60 of the superior bearing engaging side 68 can include a highly polished tibial bearing surface 70. A rail 72 can extend in a generally anterior/posterior direction adjacent to the highly polished tibial bearing surface 70. The lateral portion 62 can include engaging structure 78 provided on the superior bearing engaging side 68. The engaging structure 78 can include a pair of posts 80, 82 integrally formed at an anterior edge thereof. A retaining rail 84 can extend superiorly from a posterior edge of the lateral portion 62. The posts 80, 82 can both have an anterior groove 86 and a posterior groove 88, respectively. The retaining rail 84 can have a transverse groove 90 formed on an inwardly facing surface. The tibial tray 14 can be generally manufactured of cobalt-chromium-molybdenum alloy or other suitable biocompatible material. A pair of fins 94 can extend from the inferior bone engaging side 66. While fins 94 are shown operatively associated with the tibial tray 14, other structures suitable for engaging a proximal tibia can include pegs, posts or porous material can additionally or alternatively be provided on the inferior bone engaging side 66.

The bearings 16, 18 will now be discussed in greater detail. In the embodiments shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the first bearing 16 (medial floating bearing) is moveably supported by the tibial tray 14, and the second bearing 18 (lateral fixed bearing) is fixedly supported by the tibial tray 14. However, it will be appreciated that the first and second bearings 16, 18 could both be fixedly supported by the tibial tray 14 without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. Moreover, it will be appreciated that both bearings 16, 18 could be moveably supported by the tibial tray 14. Additionally, while the embodiment shown in the figures includes a floating bearing provided on a medial side and a fixed bearing provided on a lateral side, the location of these bearings can be swapped. Still further, it will be appreciated that the assembly 10 could include a single, monolithic bearing (floating or fixed) that extends across each of the medial, anterior, and lateral portions 60, 61, 62 of the tibial tray 14 while still providing clearance for the slot 64 without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

With reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 6, the embodiment of the first bearing 16 will now be described in greater detail. The first bearing 16 has a substantially planar inferior bearing surface 100 which slidably moves and articulates relative to the highly polished tibial bearing surface 70. The first bearing 16 further includes a first bearing surface 102. The first bearing surface 102 articulates with the medial condyle portion 20 of the femoral component 12. The first bearing 16 can be formed from a surgical grade, low friction, and low wearing plastic, such as ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) or other suitable material.

With reference to FIGS. 1, 2 and 7, the second bearing 18 can include engaging structure 106 formed on an inferior surface for coupling with the engaging structure 78 provided on the lateral portion 62 of the tibial tray 14. The engaging structure 106 can generally include a posteriorly extending lip 110 and an anterior groove 112. A locking bar 114 (FIG. 8) can be slidably inserted through the slot 112 to interlock between the respective grooves 86 to capture the second bearing 18 to the lateral portion 62 of the tibial tray 14. The posteriorly extending lip 110 can be nestingly received by the retaining rail 84. The second bearing 18 can include a second bearing surface 120. The second bearing surface 120 can articulate with the lateral condyle portion 22 of the femoral component 12. The second bearing 18 can be formed from a surgical grade, low friction and low wearing plastic, such as UHMWPE or other suitable material.

During use, the medial and lateral condyle portions 20, 22 of the femoral component 12 can articulate on the first and second bearing surfaces 102, 120 of the respective bearings 16, 18. As can be appreciated, the second bearing 18 is static relative to the tibial tray 14 during articulation of the femoral component 12. The first bearing 16 is free to slide along the highly polished tibial bearing surface 70 of the medial portion 60 of the tibial tray 14. Movement of the first bearing 16 is limited by an inboard side of the rail 72.

Turning now to FIGS. 9-11, a knee prosthesis assembly constructed in accordance to additional features of the present teachings is shown and generally identified at reference numeral 210. The knee prosthesis assembly 210 can generally include a femoral component 212, a tibial tray 214, a medial side having a fixed bearing 216 that cooperates with a mobile bearing 218 and a lateral side having a fixed bearing 220. The femoral component 212 can be constructed similar to the femoral component 12 described above. The fixed bearing 220 can be constructed similar to the lateral fixed bearing 18 described above. The mobile bearing 218 can provide articulation that is fully conforming with the femoral component 212. The mobile bearing 218 can be captured around its perimeter by a pocket 222 formed by the fixed bearing 216. In this way, the mobile bearing 218 can have a reduced likelihood of becoming dislocated relative to the fixed bearing 216. While the fixed bearing 216 and mobile bearing 218 are shown generally associated with the lateral side of the tibial tray 214, such a configuration can be additionally or alternatively provided on the medial portion of the tibial tray 214. In one example, the mobile bearing 218 can be formed by polyethylene or polyetheretherketone (PEEK). As shown in FIG. 11, the fixed bearing 216 can have a pair of channels 226 formed thereon for guiding tabs 230 provided on the mobile bearing 218 (FIG. 12).

Referring now to FIG. 13, a knee prosthesis assembly constructed in accordance to additional features of the present teachings is shown and generally identified at reference numeral 310. Components that correspond to the components of the embodiments of FIGS. 1-8 are indicated with corresponding reference numerals increased by 300. The assembly 310 can incorporate any of the features disclosed in Applicant's co-pending U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/788,966, filed May 27, 2010, which published as U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0305698 on Dec. 2, 2010, entitled KNEE PROSTHESIS ASSEMBLY WITH LIGAMENT LINK, and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/788,978, filed May 27, 2010, which published as U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0292792 on Nov. 18, 2010, entitled PROSTHETIC LIGAMENT SYSTEM FOR KNEE JOINT, and each of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.

The knee prosthesis assembly 310 is shown relative to a resected anatomical femur 313 and a resected anatomical tibia 315, each of which are shown in phantom. The knee prosthesis assembly 310 can operatively and moveably couple to the resected anatomical femur 313 and the resected anatomical tibia 315 in order to support movement of the knee joint.

Also, the prosthesis assembly 310 is shown relative to an anatomical resected ligament 321, which is shown in phantom. In the embodiments represented in FIG. 13, the ligament 321 can be an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL), which is attached to the femur 313 and which has been resected or otherwise detached from the tibia 315. However, it will be appreciated that the ligament 321 could be of any suitable type, such as a posterior cruciate ligament (PCL), without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. It will also be appreciated that the ligament 321 could be intraoperatively resected from the tibia 315 while the prosthesis assembly 310 is being implanted, or the ligament 321 could be detached from the tibia 315 before surgery, due to injury, etc.

As shown in FIG. 13, the prosthesis assembly 310 can also include a ligament link 319. The ligament link 319 can be an autograft, an allograft, a xenograft, an artificial graft, or any combination thereof. The ligament link 319 can be flexible, and can withstand relatively high tension. Also, the ligament link 319 can pierce and extend through the ligament 321. In other embodiments, the ligament link 319 can operably couple to the ligament 321 via fasteners (e.g., sutures, and the like). In still other embodiments, the ligament link 319 can be operably coupled directly to the femur 313 with the ligament 321 eliminated altogether. Furthermore, the ligament link 319 can operably couple to the tibial tray 314 in a manner to be discussed.

The femoral component 312 of the prosthesis assembly 310 can be substantially similar to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-11. As shown, the intercondylar opening 330 can provide clearance for the ligament 321 and the ligament link 319.

The bearings 316, 318 can also be substantially similar to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-11. Furthermore, the tibial tray 314 can be substantially similar to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-11, except the tibial tray 314 can include at least one or more coupling components 317 a, 317 b. As will be discussed, the coupling components 317 a, 317 b can operably couple to the ligament link 319.

The coupling components 317 a, 317 b can have any suitable shape, size, and location on the tibial tray 314. For instance, as shown in FIG. 13, the coupling components 317 a, 317 b can each be grooves or recesses that are disposed on the anterior portion 361 of the tibial tray 314. In addition, the coupling components 317 a, 317 b can be defined in an inferior, anterior edge 323 of the tray 314. Also, as shown in FIG. 17, the coupling components 317 a, 317 b can each have an axis X′ that is disposed at a positive acute angle, α, relative to a longitudinal axis X of the tibia 315. Accordingly, the coupling component 317 a, 317 b can be oriented substantially normal to the force of tension in the ligament link 319 as will be discussed in greater detail below.

As shown in FIG. 13, a selected one of the coupling components 317 a, 317 b can receive the ligament link 319 and retain the ligament link 319 against movement in the medial-lateral direction. For instance, the ligament link 319 can loop or wrap around and be received in the selected coupling component 317 a, 317 b. Accordingly, the ligament link 319 can maintain necessary tension and can support movement of the knee joint.

It will be appreciated that the tibial tray 314 can include any number of coupling components 317 a, 317 b. As shown in the embodiments illustrated in FIG. 13, there can be two coupling components 317 a, 317 b that are spaced apart from each other on opposite sides of a median plane P of the tibial tray 314. It will be appreciated that the tibial tray 314 can be a universal tibial tray 314 that is suitable for implantation in either a patient's right knee or a patient's left knee. If the tibial tray 314 is implanted in a left knee, the coupling component 317 a can be used to retain the ligament link 319, and if the tibial tray 314 is implanted in a right knee, the coupling component 317 b can be used to retain the ligament link 319.

In additional embodiments represented in FIG. 14, the coupling components 317 a′, 317 b′ can each be through holes. As shown, the coupling components 317 a′, 317 b′ can have a linear axis and can extend axially through both the superior side 368′ of the anterior portion 361′ of the tibial tray 314′ as well as the inferior side (not specifically shown in FIG. 14). Thus, the ligament link (not specifically shown in FIG. 14) can extend through either of the coupling components 317 a′, 317 b′ in order to operably couple to the tibial tray 314′. For instance, the ligament link can extend through the selected coupling component 317 a′, 317 b′ and can be knotted or tied to secure the ligament link.

In still other embodiments represented in FIG. 15, the coupling components 317 a″, 317 b″ can each be eyelets that selectively open and close. It will be appreciated that the coupling component 317 b″ is shown closed, and the coupling component 317 a″ is shown open in the embodiments of FIG. 15. More specifically, the coupling components 317 a″, 317 b″ can each include a respective clasp 331 a″, 331 b″. Each clasp 331 a″, 331 b″ can be hingeably attached at one end to the anterior portion 361″ of the tibial tray 314″. The opposite end of each clasp 331 a″, 331 b″ can be selectively secured to and detached from the anterior portion 361″ of the tibial tray 314″. When the clasp 331 a″, 331 b″ is closed, the respective coupling component 317 a″, 317 b″ can secure the ligament link (not specifically shown) to the tibial tray 314″. On the other hand, when the clasp 331 a″, 331 b″ is open, the ligament link can move into the respective coupling component 317 a″, 317 b″.

It will be appreciated that the ligament link 319 can be attached to the tibial tray 314 by the manufacturer or by other personnel before implantation surgery. Thus, the assembly 310 can be implanted more efficiently because the surgeon or other medical professional need not spend time intraoperatively tying knots or otherwise attaching the ligament link 319 to the tibial tray 314.

In other embodiments, the surgeon can intraoperatively attach the ligament link 319 to the tibial tray 314. For instance, the surgeon can select a ligament link 319 for implantation from a plurality of different ligament links 319 based on a desired tension, geometry, material, or other characteristic of the ligament link 319. Then, the surgeon can intraoperatively attach the ligament link 319 to both the anatomical ligament 321 and the tibial tray 314.

Furthermore, the ligament link 319 can be an optional feature. For instance, if the surgeon chooses not to use the ligament link 319 (and assuming that the ligament link 319 is attached to the tibial tray 314 by the manufacturer), the surgeon can cut or simply remove the ligament link 319 from the tibial tray 314 before attaching the tibial tray 314 to the resected tibia 315. Accordingly, the tibial tray 314 can be very versatile.

Referring now to FIGS. 16A and 16B, additional features of the ligament link 419 according to the present teachings will be discussed. Components that correspond with those of the embodiments of FIG. 13 are identified with corresponding reference numerals increased by 100. It will be appreciated that the embodiment of the ligament link 419 shown in FIGS. 16A, 16B can be only a portion of the ligament link of the present disclosure.

As shown in FIG. 16A, the ligament link 419 can be elongate and flexible and can extend from a first end 441 to a second end 443. Furthermore, the ligament link 419 can have an outer wall 439 that defines a longitudinal passage portion 445, which is disposed between the first and second ends 441, 443. The longitudinal passage portion 445 can be hollow. Moreover, the ligament link 419 can include a first aperture 447 that extends through the wall 439 and that is disposed between the first and second ends 441, 443. Moreover, the ligament link 419 can include a second aperture 449 that extends through the wall 439 and that is disposed between the first and second ends 441, 443. More specifically, the first aperture 447 can be disposed between the first end 441 and the longitudinal passage portion 445, and the second aperture 449 can be disposed between the second end 443 and the longitudinal passage portion 445.

As shown in FIG. 16B, the first end 441 can extend through the first aperture 447, through the longitudinal passage portion 445, and out of the longitudinal passage portion 445 via the second aperture 449. Likewise, the second end 443 can extend through the second aperture 449, through the longitudinal passage portion 445, and out of the longitudinal passage portion 445 via the first aperture 447. As such, the first end 441 can define a first adjustable loop 451 and a first free end 453. Likewise, the second end 443 can define a second adjustable loop 455 and a second free end 457.

The ligament link 419 can be made out of any suitable material, such as a flexible, high-strength, braided material. In some embodiments, some of the fibers in the link 419 can be inelastic while other fibers in the link 419 can be elastic and resilient. Moreover, in some embodiments, the fibers within the link 419 can have varying diameters. In addition, the ligament link 419 can have any of the various features disclosed in U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0318961, published Dec. 24, 2009, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Additionally, in some embodiments, the fibers within the link 419 can have material properties of the type disclosed in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/788,978, filed May 27, 2010, which published as U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0292792 on Nov. 18, 2010, which is entitled PROSTHETIC LIGAMENT SYSTEM FOR KNEE JOINT, and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

As shown in FIG. 17, the ligament link 419 can operably couple to both the anatomical resected ligament 421 and the tibial tray 414. For instance, the ligament link 419 also includes a suture 463 or other fastener that is attached to the ligament 421. More specifically, the suture 463 can pierce the ligament 421, and the longitudinal passage portion 445 can extend through the suture 463 and can be folded such that both of the adjustable loops 451, 455 extend toward the tibial tray 414. The first and second adjustable loops 451, 455 can loop around the anterior portion 461 of the tibial tray 414 and can be retained within the coupling component 417 a of the tibial tray 414. In other embodiments, the ligament link 419 can be coupled directly to the ligament 421 without the suture 463. In still other embodiments, one adjustable loop 451 can loop around the tibial tray 414 while the other adjustable loop 455 is coupled to the suture 463 or directly to the ligament 421.

Subsequently, the first and/or second free ends 453, 457 can be pulled away from the longitudinal passage portion 445 (as represented by two arrows in FIG. 17) in order to reduce the size of the adjustable loops 451, 455, to pull the ligament 421 toward the tibial tray 414, and to increase and adjust tension in the ligament link 419. This can be performed intraoperatively (i.e., during surgery in the operating room). Furthermore, friction between the first and second ends 441, 443 and the longitudinal passage portion 445 can maintain this adjusted level of tension in the ligament link 419.

Referring now to FIG. 18, additional features of the prosthesis assembly 510 will be discussed. Components corresponding to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-8 are indicated with corresponding reference numerals increased by 500.

As shown, the ligament link 519 can extend through a bone tunnel 571 in the femur 513 and can be coupled to the femur 513 via a fastener 573. In some embodiments, the fastener 573 can be seated against an outer rim 575 of the bone tunnel 571. For instance, the fastener 573 can be of a type disclosed in Applicant's U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/788,978, filed May 27, 2010, which published as U.S. Patent Publication No. 2010/0292792 on Nov. 18, 2010, which is entitled PROSTHETIC LIGAMENT SYSTEM FOR KNEE JOINT, and which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. However, it will be appreciated that the fastener 573 can be of any suitable type without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the surgeon can select the fastener 573 for implantation from a plurality of different fasteners 573, based on the desired location for attaching the ligament link 519, etc.

Accordingly, as shown in FIG. 18, the ligament link 519 can attach to the femur 513 instead of a resected ligament, as was discussed above in the embodiments of FIGS. 13 and 17. The opposite end of the ligament link 519 can be coupled to the tibial tray 514 similar to the embodiments discussed above. Thus, the ligament link 519 can be received in one of the coupling components 517 of the tibial tray 514.

It will also be appreciated that the femoral component 512 and the tibial tray 514 can be implanted, and the ligament link 519 can be attached to the femur 513 and the tibial tray 514 in a single operative procedure. Accordingly, the knee joint can be repaired more quickly and efficiently, and the patient's recovery time can be reduced.

Referring now to FIGS. 19-21, additional features of the prosthesis assembly 610 will be discussed. Components corresponding to the embodiments of FIGS. 1-8 are indicated with corresponding reference numerals increased by 600.

As shown in FIG. 19, the ligament link coupling component 617 can be operably coupled to (e.g., fixed to) to the femoral component 612. For instance, the femoral component 612 can include a first wall 677 a and a second wall 677 b, each extending superiorly from a respective condyle portion 620, 622. Also, the coupling component 617 can be a rigid rod or bar that is fixed at each end to the condyle portions 620, 622. As such, the coupling component 617 can extend across the intercondylar opening 630. It will be appreciated that the ligament link coupling component 617 can be of any suitable type other than a rod or bar of the type illustrated. For instance, in other embodiments, the ligament link coupling component 617 can be a through hole defined in the first or second walls 677 a, 677 b, and in some embodiments, the through hole can be reinforced with a grommet-like feature. Also, in some embodiments, the coupling component 617 can be cantilevered within the intercondylar opening 630.

Moreover, the bearing 616 can be a uniform member that is disposed inferior to both condyle portions 620, 622. The bearing 616 can be fixed to the tibial tray 614 using a fastener (e.g., pin, etc.) or in any other suitable fashion. The bearing 616 can also be moveably supported on the tray 614 in some embodiments. Furthermore, the bearing 616 can include an opening 679 that is disposed inferior to the intercondylar opening 630. The opening 679 can be rounded (e.g., circular, elliptical, etc.), polygonor, or any other shape.

Still further, as shown in FIGS. 19-21, the tibial tray 614 can include at least one or more openings 681 a, 681 b. The openings 681 a, 681 b can be through holes. The tibial tray 614 can include any suitable number of openings 681 a, 681 b. For instance, in the embodiments shown, the tibial tray 614 can include two openings 681 a, 681 b disposed on opposite sides of a medial plane of the tibial tray and disposed on opposite sides of the stem 683. Also, as shown in FIG. 21, the openings 681 a, 681 b can each extend at a positive, acute angle θ relative to the medial plane P of the tibial tray 614. For instance, each opening 681 a, 681 b can extend inferiorly from the superior side 668 of the tibial tray 614 generally away from the medial plane P at the angle θ. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 20, the openings 681 a, 681 b can each extend at a positive, acute angle θ′ relative to a coronal plane P′ of the tibial tray 614.

When assembled (FIG. 20), a ligament link 619 can be operably coupled to (e.g., at least partially wrap around) the coupling component 619. Also, the ligament link 619 can extend through the opening 679 of the bearing 616. Likewise, the ligament link 619 can extend through one of the openings 681 a, 681 b of the tibial tray 614. Still further, the ligament link 619 can extend through a bone tunnel 685 formed within the tibia 615 and can operably couple to the tibia 615 via a fastener 673 of the type described above.

It will be appreciated that the surgeon or another medical professional can choose any one of the openings 681 a, 681 b for receiving the ligament link 619. For instance, in the embodiment shown, the ligament link 619 passes through the opening 681 a. This decision can be based on various factors. For instance, in some embodiments, the opening 681 a is utilized if the prosthesis assembly 610 is implanted in a left leg, and the opening 681 b is utilized if the prosthesis assembly 610 is implanted in a right leg.

Also, it will be appreciated that the angles θ, θ′ of the opening 681 a, 681 b can allow the ligament link 619 to extend through the opening 681 a, 681 b in a relatively straight line. Moreover, it will be appreciated that the openings 681 a, 681 b can be positioned on the tibial tray 614 such that the ligament link 619 can be routed in a manner that substantially mimics a natural anatomical ligament. However, it will be appreciated that the openings 681 a, 681 b can have any suitable location on the tray 614 and can have any suitable shape without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

In addition, it will be appreciated that the ligament link 619 can attach to the tibia 615 in any suitable fashion other than the bone tunnel 685 and the fastener 673. For instance, in some embodiments, a resected anatomical ligament (not shown) can remain anatomically attached to the tibia 615, and the ligament link 619 can operably couple the resected anatomical ligament to the femoral component. More specifically, in some embodiments, the opening 681 a, 681 b can provide access to the resected anatomical ligament.

It will be appreciated that the ligament link 19, 319, 419, 519, 619 can include additional sutures, grafts, fasteners, and other components for attachment purposes. For instance, in some embodiments, the ligament link 19, 319, 419, 519 can be attached to the tibial tray 14, 314, 414, 514 via a suture. Additionally, in some embodiments, the ligament link 619 can be attached to the femoral component 612 via a suture. Also, in some embodiments, the ligament link 19, 319, 419, 519 can be attached to the femur or tibial tray 14, 314, 414, 514 via an autograft or other type of graft. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the ligament link 619 can be attached to the tibia 615 or femoral component 612 via an autograft or other type of graft.

Thus, the knee prosthesis assembly 10, 210, 310, 410, 510, 610 can be quickly and conveniently implanted. The ligament link 19, 319, 419, 519, 619 can be conveniently and securely attached to the tibial tray 14, 314, 414, 514 or femoral component 612 for supporting movement of the knee joint. Additionally, tension in the ligament link 19, 319, 419, 519, 619 can be quickly and conveniently adjusted.

As used herein, the terms superior, superiorly, superior direction are used to generally refer to the anatomical meaning, such as higher in place or position or generally situated above. Similarly, the terms inferior, inferiorly, inferior direction are used to generally refer to the anatomical meaning, such as lower in place or position or generally situated below.

Moreover, the foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from such discussion, and from the accompanying drawings and claims, that various changes, modifications and variations may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined in the following claims. For instance, the sequence of the blocks of the method described herein can be changed without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method of implanting a prosthetic knee joint assembly comprising: coupling a femoral component to a femur, and coupling a tibial component to a tibia; coupling a ligament link to the tibia; coupling the ligament link to a coupling component attached to the femoral component; arranging the ligament link in a first position relative to the tibial component when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in a left knee, the first position corresponding to a first location located on a first side of a medial plane of the tibial component; arranging the ligament link in a second position relative to the tibial component when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in a right knee, the second position is different from the first position, the second position corresponding to a second location located on a second side of the medial plane of the tibial component opposite the first side; and wherein the ligament link extends in a first direction towards the femoral component when the ligament link is implanted in the left knee, and the ligament link extends in a second direction towards the femoral component away from the first direction when the ligament link is implanted in the right knee.
 2. The method of claim 1, further comprising: arranging the ligament link such that the ligament link extends through a first opening at the first location defined by the tibial component when the ligament link is in the first position and implanted in the left knee, the first opening is spaced apart from a second opening at the second location defined by the tibial component; and arranging the ligament link such that the ligament link extends through the second opening defined by the tibial component when the ligament link is in the second position and implanted in the right knee.
 3. The method of claim 2, further comprising coupling the ligament link directly to the tibia.
 4. The method of claim 1, further comprising selecting the ligament link from a plurality of ligament links including an autograft, an allograft, a xenograft, an artificial graft, and combinations thereof.
 5. The method of claim 1, further comprising: coupling the ligament link to the femoral component at an intercondylar opening; and extending the ligament link through one of two discrete openings in the tibial component at the first and second locations, respectively.
 6. The method of claim 1, further comprising positioning the ligament link within a central opening of a tibial bearing component.
 7. The method of claim 6, wherein the central opening is configured to surround a first opening in the tibial component for the ligament link being positioned in the first position and a second opening in the tibial component for the ligament link being positioned in the second position.
 8. A method of implanting a prosthetic knee joint assembly comprising: selecting a ligament link for implantation from a plurality of ligament links; engaging a femoral component to a femur, and engaging a tibial tray to a tibia; intraoperatively evaluating whether to operably couple a first end of the selected ligament link to one of the femur or the tibia; operably coupling the first end of the selected ligament link to the tibia; extending the selected ligament link through one of a first opening in the tibial tray located on a first side of a medial plane of the tibial tray and a second opening in the tibial tray located on a second side of the medial plane of the tibial tray opposite the first side; arranging the selected ligament link in a first position or a second position different from the first position based on whether the prosthetic knee joint assembly is being implanted in a right knee or a left knee; extending the selected ligament link through a central opening of a tibial bearing component supported by the tibial tray; and operably coupling a second end of the selected ligament link directly to a coupling component attached to the femoral component.
 9. The method of claim 8, wherein in the first position the selected ligament link extends in a first direction, and in the second position the selected ligament link extends in a second direction that is different from the first direction.
 10. The method of claim 8, wherein operably coupling the second end of the selected ligament link includes coupling the second end of the selected ligament link directly to the coupling component at an intercondylar opening defined by the femoral component.
 11. The method of claim 10, wherein the coupling component comprises a rigid rod spanning the intercondylar opening.
 12. The method of claim 8, further comprising extending the selected ligament link through the first opening when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in the left knee, the first opening spaced apart and separate from the second opening.
 13. The method of claim 12, further comprising extending the selected ligament link through the second opening on the second side of the tibial tray when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in the right knee.
 14. The method of claim 8, further comprising operably coupling the selected ligament link directly to the femoral component, and coupling the selected ligament link directly to the tibia.
 15. The method of claim 8, wherein selecting the ligament link includes selecting between an autograft, an allograft, a xenograft, an artificial graft, and combinations thereof.
 16. The method of claim 8, wherein the first opening and the second opening are positioned on opposite sides of a stem extending from the tibialtray.
 17. The method of claim 8, wherein the first opening and the second opening extend inferiorly from a superior side of the tibial tray away from a medial plane of the tibial tray at an angle.
 18. The method of claim 8, wherein the coupling component is attached to the femoral component in substantially the same location for both the first position and the second position of the ligament link.
 19. A method of implanting a prosthetic knee joint assembly comprising: coupling a femoral component to a femur, and coupling a tibial component to a tibia; coupling a bearing component to the tibial component, the bearing component having a central opening; directly coupling a ligament link to one of the femur or the tibia; directly coupling the ligament link to a coupling component attached to one of the femoral component or the tibial component; arranging the ligament link in a first position relative to the tibial component when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in a left knee, in the first position the ligament link originates from a central location of the femoral component and is angled towards a first side of the tibial component through the central opening of the bearing component; and arranging the ligament link in a second position relative to the tibial component when the prosthetic knee joint assembly is implanted in a right knee, in the second position the ligament link originates from the central location of the femoral component and is angled towards a second side of the tibial component and away from the first side of the tibial component through the central opening of the bearing component.
 20. The method of claim 19, further comprising: arranging the ligament link such that the ligament link extends through a first opening defined by the tibial component when the ligament link is in the first position and implanted in the left knee, the first opening is spaced apart from a second opening defined by the tibial component; and arranging the ligament link such that the ligament link extends through the second opening defined by the tibial component when the ligament link is in the second position and implanted in the right knee.
 21. The method of claim 19, further comprising extending the ligament link through an opening of one of the femoral component or the tibial component.
 22. The method of claim 19, wherein the bearing component is a mobile bearing component that is moveably supported by the tibial component. 